1- The major process(es) of the gastrointestinal system is (are):
    a- Secretion
    b- Digestion
    c- Motility
    d- Absorption
    e- All of the above

2- The predominant layer in the stomach is the:
    a- Serous layer
    b- Submucosa
    c- Muscular layer
    d- Serous layer
    e- Peritoneal layer

Label the drawing:
3- Esophagus
4- Pylorus
5- Appendix
6- Cecum
7- Pancreas

8- Teeth missing in children are:
    a- Cuspids and third molars
    b- Incisors and bicuspids
    c- Bicuspids and third molars
    d- Bicuspids and molars
    e- Molars

9- The mesentery is:
    a- A layer of connective tissue connecting bowel loops and rich in blood and lymphatic vessels
    b- A layer of longitudinal muscle that aid the movement of food
    c- A region of enzyme secreting cells found in the mucosa of each digestive organ
    d- A network of nerves between the muscle layers
    e- The lumen in the digestive organ where absorption occurs

10- Deglutition is:
    a- Swallowing
    b- Chewing
    c- Digestion
    d- Absorption

Match enzymes or secretions and the organs secreting them:
11- Pepsin                                 a- Salivary gland
12- Amylase                              b- Stomach
13- Pancreatic lipase                  c- Duodenum
14- Bile                                     d- Liver
15- Disaccharidase                    e- Pancreas

16- The organ associated with the portal circulation is the:
    a- Pancreas
    b- Stomach
    c- Liver
    d- Large intestine
    e- None of the above

17- Absorption of most of the food takes place in the:
    a- Mouth
    b- Stomach
    c- Duodenum
    d- Jejunum and ileum
    e- Colon

18- Absorption of water primarily takes place in the:
    a- Mouth
    b- Stomach
    c- Duodenum
    d- Jejunum and ileum
    e- Colon

19- Which of the following is NOT a hormone:
    a- Gastrin
    b- Pepsin
    c- Cholecystokinin
    d- Secretin

20- The parietal cells produces the intrinsic factor necessary for the absorption of:
    a- Vit B 1
    b- Vit B 6
    c- Vit B 12
    d- Vit C
    e- Vit D

21- The propulsion of food along the digestive tube is called:
    a- Portal system
    b- Deglutition
    c- Mastication
    d- Peristalsis
    e- Absorption

22- The role of bile is to:
    a- Digest triglycerides
    b- Breakdown triglycerides into monoglycerides
    c- Breakdown monoglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol
    d- Emulsify lipids
    e- Breakdown carbohydrates into disaccharides

23- The junction between the small and large intestine is the:
    a- Ileo-cecal valve
    b- Ileum
    c- Jejunum
    d- Cecum
    e- Appendix

24- The role of secretin is to:
    a- Stimulate the release of bile
    b- Stimulate gastric motility
    c- Stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion
    d- Stimulate bicarbonate ion secretion by the pancreas
    e- Inhibit the release the bile

25- The enzyme activating trypsinogen from the pancreas is:
    a- Hydrochloric acid
    b- Secretin
    c- Cholecystokinin
    d- Chymotrypsin
    e- Enterokinase

26- The roles of lipids are:
    1- Formation of the cell membrane
    2- Short term energy supply
    3- Long term energy supply
    4- Heredity
    5- Formation of enzymes

    a- 1- 2- 3- 4                 d- 3- 5
    b- 1- 2- 4- 5                 e- 1- 3
    c- 2- 3- 4- 5

27- Sources of carbohydrates are:
    a- Grain
    b- Fruit
    c- Vegetable
    d- Meat
    e- All of the above

Match the following compounds with the type of chemical:
28- Glycogen                         a- Unsaturated triglycerides
29- Albumin                           b- Polysaccharide
30- Sucrose                           c- Monosaccharide
31- Glucose                           d- Protein
32- Olive oil                           e- Disaccharide

33- An essential fatty acid is:
    a- Oleic acid
    b- Linoleic acid
    c- Albumin
    d- Cellulose
    e- Glycerol

34- Essential amino acids are all except:
    a- Lysine
    b- Isoleucine
    c- Valine
    d- Methionine
    e- Glycine

35- A complete protein:
    a- Has carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids
    b- Must have all 20 different amino acids
    c- Has all 8 essential amino acids
    d- Has oleic and linoleic acid
    e- Has been completely translated by the ribosome

36- The Basal Metabolic Rate is:
    a- Metabolism during sleep
    b- Metabolism during rest, awake, fasting, in a comfortable environment
    c- Metabolism during rest after a light meal
    d- Metabolism during rest after a period of light activity
    e- Metabolism during normal daily activity

Match the vitamin and the sickness they will produce when deficient:
37- Vit D                                 a- Bleeding
38- Vit K                                 b- Pernicious anemia
39- Vit B1                                c- Scorbut
40- Vit B12                             d- Ricketts
41- Vit C                                 e- Beri-beri

42- The role of the nasal cavity is all except:
    a- Warm the air
    b- Filter dust particles
    c- Gas exchanges
    d- Humidify the air

43- Cartilages forming the larynx are:
    a- Thyroid
    b- Cricoid
    c- Epiglottic
    d- All of the above
    e- None of the above

44- To overcome the problem of surface tension in the alveoli, specialized cells secrete:
    a- Mucus
    b- Surfactant
    c- Acids
    d- Bases
    e- Special electrolytes

45- The diaphragm is innervated by which nerve:
    a- Vagus
    b- Phrenic
    c- Splenic
    d- Spinal accessory
    e- Pulmonary

46- The major tissue components of the bronchus are:
    a- Cartilage and simple squamous epithelium
    b- Cartilage and pseudostratified epithelium
    c- Cartilage and smooth muscle
    d- Simple squamous epithelium and smooth muscle
    e- Simple squamous epithelium and elastic tissue

47- Gas exchanges occurs in the:
    a- Larynx
    b- Trachea
    c- Alveoli
    d- Bronchus
    e- Bronchiole

48- Inspiration is driven by:
    a- Surface tension in the alveoli
    b- The contraction of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
    c- The negative pressure in the pleural cavity
    d- The elastic fibers in the lung tissue
    e- The pressure of the air in the atmosphere

49- Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanges is driven by:
    a- Osmosis
    b- Diffusion
    c- Facilitated transport
    d- Absorption
    e- Assimilation

50- The composition of air is:
    a- Nitrogen 60%, oxygen 20% and carbon dioxide 20%
    b- Nitrogen 79%, oxygen 21% and carbon dioxide 0.03%
    c- Nitrogen 79%, oxygen 20% and carbon dioxide 1%
    d- Nitrogen 80%, oxygen 10% and carbon dioxide 10%
    e- Nitrogen 78%, oxygen 0.03% and carbon dioxide 20%

51- Oxygen is transported to the tissue by:
    a- Hemoglobin (98%) and dissolved in the blood (2%)
    b- Hemoglobin (23%), dissolved in the blood (7%) and by bicarbonate ions (70%)
    c- By hemoglobin only
    d- Dissolved in the blood mostly
    e- None of the above

52- The respiratory regulatory centers are located in the:
    a- Medulla oblongata
    b- Midbrain
    c- Medulla oblongata and midbrain
    d- Medulla oblongata and pons
    e- Pons

53- The enzyme catalyzing the reaction CO2 + H2O --> H+ + HCO3-
    a- Carbonic anhydrase
    b- Gastrin
    c- Pepsin
    d- Secretin
    e- Hemoglobin

54- Mr. Huff and Puff exhales normally; then, using forced expiration, he exhales as much air as
possible. The volume of air still remaining in his lungs is called:
    a- Expiratory reserve volume
    b- Vital capacity volume
    c- Tidal volume
    d- Residual volume
    e- Inspiratory reserve volume

55- Chemoreceptors for oxygen are located in the:
    a- Medulla oblongata
    b- Aortic and carotid sinuses
    c- Medulla oblongata and pons
    d- Hypothalamus
    e- Aortic and carotid bodies

True or false:
56- An increase in carbon dioxide in the blood will trigger a decrease in the respiratory rate
57- Carbon monoxide binds to the same hemoglobin site as oxygen
58- A source of carbon monoxide is cigarette smoke
59- Carbon dioxide is the product of amino acid degradation
60- Cyanosis is a bluish color of the skin due to lack of oxygen